妨擾 Nuisance

white小白

妨擾罪行

(本文作者 是許輝程)

「妨擾罪行」(Nuisance)是普通法的侵權行為。是以不合理的行為干擾到他人的基本權利，或因其連續性的干擾而被提升到討厭的水平，從而形成一種罪行。妨擾罪行一般可分為「公眾(普通)妨擾罪行」或者「私人妨擾罪行」。

「私人妨擾罪行」是一種干擾鄰居的行為。根據普通法，佔有房地產的人(地主或者租戶)，有資格得到他們土地的安靜及享受。如果一個鄰居，間接地透過氣味，聲音，其他污染方法等，持久性地侵犯那安靜及享受，就會被視為犯妨擾罪行。如因噪音而影響及個人健康、頭痛或心靈煩擾、不能享受安寧等。另外因雜物阻塞通道而影響及個人出入家居不便，或以任何其他危險行為，持久性地間接造成他人物業、財產損害，也會被視為犯妨擾罪行。

「公眾妨擾罪行」是一種公害行為，是以不合理的行為干擾到公共財產或民眾的權益；這包括干擾到公共衛生、安全、健康、和諧或便利等。這些干擾可從法律章程中找到，或者被公認是非法行為；即一般行為不被法律證明為正當的，如在公共場所冒煙、阻塞通道、非法泊車、喧嘩噪音、環境污染等，便可請求有關當局救濟。例如在公眾的街道上燒烤，一般常理皆會認為是犯妨擾罪行；因其不但引致途人不便，其釋放出來氣味及煙火也會對住戶的健康及安寧有所損害，故住戶需要長期關起窗門，以防止其破壞性的煙味入侵。

在法律上，由於妨擾罪行範圍太廣，形式各異，難以一一盡錄，香港法律也以第228章第4款「在公眾地方犯的妨擾罪等」概括之。此外，執行普通法系地區的案例，只要是不與基本法有衝突，也可被引用來作判決。救濟的方法有三：

   1. 可經投訴，請求警方或有關部門救助。
   2. 直接出來指控，請求警方或有關部門檢控。
   3. 可以經民事訴訟程序，向其索賠或申請禁制令。

Nuisance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nuisance also spelled nocence. through Fr. noisance, nuisance, from Lat. nocere, to hurt) is a common law tort.It means that which causes offence, annoyance, trouble or injury. A nuisance can be either public (also "common") or private. A public nuisance was defined by English scholar Sir J. F. Stephen as,

"an act not warranted by law, or an omission to discharge a legal duty, which act or omission obstructs or causes inconvenience or damageto the public in the exercise of rights common to all His Majesty's subjects".[1]

"Private nuisance" is the interference with the right of specific people. Nuisance is one of the oldest causes of action known to the common law, with cases framed in nuisance going back almost to the beginning of recorded case law. Nuisance signifies that the "right of quiet enjoyment" is being disrupted to such a degree that a tort is being committed.
Contents
1 Definition

• 2 History and legal development of nuisance
• 3 Remedies
• 4 Law related to nuisance, by country
  • 4.1 UK
  • 4.2 USA
• 5 From Britannica 1911
• 6 See also
• 7 References
• 8 External links

Public nuisance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the law of tort, see nuisance

In English criminal law, public nuisance is a class of common law offence in which the injury, loss or damage is suffered by the local community as a whole rather than by individual victims.
Contents
1 Discussion

• 2 The law reviewed
  • 2.1 Rimmington's appeal
  • 2.2 Goldstein's appeal
• 3 In popular culture
• 4 References

[ 本帖最後由 white小白 於 2009-6-12 15:38 編輯 ]

一笑

Chapter 228 is "Summary Offence"

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